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BMC Plant Biology Apr 2022Fatty acid composition and content affect rapeseed oil quality. Fatty acid synthesis-related genes in rapeseed have been studied globally by researchers. Nevertheless,...
BACKGROUND
Fatty acid composition and content affect rapeseed oil quality. Fatty acid synthesis-related genes in rapeseed have been studied globally by researchers. Nevertheless, rapeseed oil is mainly composed of seven different fatty acids (FA), and each fatty acid was regulated by different genes. Furthermore, different FA affect each other, which needs continuous and in-depth research to obtain more clear results in Brassica napus.
RESULTS
In this paper, broad-scale miRNA expression profiles were constructed and 21 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected. GO enrichment analysis showed that most up-regulated proteins were involved in transcription factor activity and catalytic activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 20 pathways involving 36 target genes were enriched, of which the bna00592 pathway may be involved in fatty acid metabolism. The results were verified using a quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, we found that the target gene of bna-miR156b > c > g was the OPR (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase). Four copies of OPR gene were found, and the over-expression vectors (pCAMBIA1300-35 s-OPR and pCAMBIA1300-RNAi-OPR) were constructed to verify their functions. In T and T generation, the content of linoleic acid (LA) increased significantly in OE but deceased in OPRi.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to provide four copies of the OPR gene that regulates LA metabolism, can be used for the molecular mechanism of LA and optimizing fatty acid profiles in oilseed for breeding programs.
Topics: Brassica napus; Clone Cells; Fatty Acids; Linoleic Acid; Plant Breeding; Rapeseed Oil
PubMed: 35410118
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03549-1 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Sep 2018Few studies have investigated the influence of increased amounts of dietary linoleic acid on the epidermal lipid biochemistry and TEWL in healthy subject. The influence...
Linoleate-enriched diet increases both linoleic acid esterified to omega hydroxy very long chain fatty acids and free ceramides of canine stratum corneum without effect on protein-bound ceramides and skin barrier function.
Few studies have investigated the influence of increased amounts of dietary linoleic acid on the epidermal lipid biochemistry and TEWL in healthy subject. The influence of dietary linoleic acid on canine stratum corneum (SC) lipids was studied by feeding two groups of five dogs differential amounts of linoleic acid (LA) for three months. SC was harvested by tape stripping and lipids were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. The dogs that were fed the higher concentration of LA showed high increases in the contents of both linoleic acid and free ceramides in the SC, whereas the protein-bound ceramide content was unchanged. Acylacids that represent the esterified form of linoleic acid in omega hydroxy very long chain fatty acids (ω-OH VLCFA) accounted for most of the elevation of LA, whereas the concentration of the free form was not significantly changed. Corroborating the absence of change in the protein-bound ceramides content of healthy dogs SC, TEWL was nearly unaffected by the linoleic acid-enriched diet.
Topics: Animals; Ceramides; Diet Therapy; Dogs; Epidermis; Fatty Acids; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Water Loss, Insensible
PubMed: 29995261
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1845-5 -
Comparative Medicine Aug 2023Rodents are currently the most common animals used for hepatic surgical resection studies that investigate liver regeneration, chronic liver disease, acute liver...
Rodents are currently the most common animals used for hepatic surgical resection studies that investigate liver regeneration, chronic liver disease, acute liver failure, hepatic metastasis, hepatic function, and hepatic cancer. Our previous work has shown that dietary consumption of linoleic acid (LA) stimulates the growth of rodent and human tumors in vivo. Here we compared 3 diets - a 5% corn oil diet (control), a diet deficient in essential fatty acids (EFAD), and an EFAD supplemented with LA in amounts equal to those in the control diet (EFAD+LA). We hypothesized that consumption of the LA provided in the EFAD+LA diet would elevate plasma levels of LA and stimulate regeneration in rats after a 70% hepatectomy (HPX), and that regeneration would not occur in the EFAD rats. Each diet group was comprised of 30 male and 30 female Buffalo rats (BUFF/CrCrl). Rats were fed one of the 3 diets and water ad libitum. After 8 wk on the assigned diet, rats were underwent a 70% HPX. On days 4 and 21 after HPX, 30 male and 30 female rats from each diet group were anesthetized for in vivo study and then were euthanized for tissue collection. For the in vivo study, arterial and venous blood samples were collected from the liver. LA-, glucose-, and O₂ -uptake, and lactate- and CO₂ -output were significantly higher in LA-replete rats as compared with LA-deficient rats. After a 70% HPX, the remaining liver mass in control and EFAD+LA groups had doubled at day 4, reaching 60% of the original total weight, and had regenerated completely at day 21. However, no regeneration occurred in the EFAD group. At day 4 the portions of livers removed from the control and EFAD+LA groups had significantly higher content of LA, protein, cAMP, and DNA as compared with their livers on day 21. [³ H]thymidine incorporation into liver DNA was significantly higher in the 2 LA-replete groups, with male values greater than female values, as compared with LA-deficient group. These data indicate that liver regeneration after HPX is dependent on dietary LA. Understanding the mechanisms of LA-dependent liver regeneration in rats supports our current efforts to enhance successful surgical resection therapies in humans.
Topics: Rats; Male; Female; Humans; Animals; Linoleic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Liver Regeneration; Fatty Acids, Essential; Diet; DNA; Liver
PubMed: 37652672
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-23-000004 -
The Journal of Nutrition Oct 2003Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)], have been studied extensively due to their ability to... (Review)
Review
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)], have been studied extensively due to their ability to modulate cancer, atherosclerosis, obesity, immune function and diabetes in a variety of experimental models. The purpose of this review was to examine CLA's isomer-specific regulation of adiposity and insulin sensitivity in humans and in cultures of human adipocytes. It has been clearly demonstrated that specific CLA isomers or a crude mixture of CLA isomers prevent the development of obesity in certain rodent and pig models. This has been attributed mainly to trans-10, cis-12 CLA, both in vivo and in vitro. However, CLA's ability to modulate human obesity remains controversial because data from clinical trials using mixed isomers are conflicting. In support of some studies in humans, our group demonstrated that trans-10, cis-12 CLA prevents triglyceride (TG) accumulation in primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. In contrast, cis-9, trans-11 CLA increases TG content. Closer examination has revealed that CLA's antiadipogenic actions are due, at least in part, to regulation of glucose and fatty acid uptake and metabolism. This review presents our current understanding of potential isomer-specific mechanisms by which CLA reduces human adiposity and insulin sensitivity.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Cells, Cultured; Fatty Acids; Gene Expression; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Linoleic Acid; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Stem Cells; Transcription Factors; Triglycerides
PubMed: 14519781
DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.10.3041 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2023The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid level and the ratio of linoleic acid:linolenic acid (LA:ALA) on the growth...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid level and the ratio of linoleic acid:linolenic acid (LA:ALA) on the growth performance, expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, and inflammatory status of grow-finish pigs. A total of 300 growing pigs (body weight [BW] = 41.1 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either a high (30 g/kg; HLA) or low (15 g/kg; LLA) dietary linoleic acid level with a high (23:1; HR), moderate (13:1; MR) or low (4:1; LR) dietary LA:ALA in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Diets were fed across three 28-d phases and were balanced for dietary metabolizable energy. Pigs were housed five pigs per pen in single-sex pens. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 84, and synovial fluid was collected from the hock joint on days 0 and 84 for inflammatory marker analysis. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with initial BW as a covariate, pen as the experimental unit, and LA level, LA:ALA, sex, phases, and their interactions as fixed effects. Compared to HLA, LLA pigs tended to have increased BW at days 56 and 84 (P = 0.088). There was no effect of LA × LA:ALA for growth performance. For the overall days 0 to 84 growth period, pigs fed HR had increased ADG compared to MR, with pigs receiving LR performing intermediate of MR and HR. Gilts receiving HR diets had increased day 84 BW compared to gilts receiving the low and moderate LA:ALA (P = 0.006), which was a result of improved overall days 0 to 84 ADG compared to gilts receiving the MR diets (P = 0.023). Barrows fed LR had improved BW on day 56 compared to MR and HR and higher final BW compared to HR, with MR performing intermediately (P = 0.006). This was a result of greater days 0 to 84 ADG (P = 0.023). Overall, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 were reduced in the plasma of pigs over time (P ≤ 0.037). Across all treatments, CRP and TNFα were reduced in the hock and carpus synovial fluid on day 84 vs. day 0 (P ≤ 0.049). In conclusion, LA:ALA ratios utilized in this study can be fed at varying linoleic acid levels without impacting growth or inflammation. Additionally, LA:ALA ratios can differentially impact the growth of gilts and barrows.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Female; Linoleic Acid; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Body Composition; Diet; Sus scrofa; Fatty Acids; Body Weight; Weight Gain; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37540487
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad263 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2022Thermal processing, a common processing method of vegetable oil in daily life, is accompanied by the formation of some harmful substances. This study determined the...
Thermal processing, a common processing method of vegetable oil in daily life, is accompanied by the formation of some harmful substances. This study determined the peroxide value, anisidine value, total peroxide value, polar compound content, fatty acid content, and core aldehyde content of hazelnut oil under different thermal processing conditions. The oxidation kinetics equation of fatty acid and temperature of hazelnut oil was established, and the correlation between the contents of fatty acid and core aldehyde and four oxidation indexes was analyzed. The results showed that the TPC of hazelnut oil exceeds 24% when heated for 10 min at 210ºC, indicating that hazelnut oil is not suitable for high temperature and long-time heating. The contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid in hazelnut oil varied significantly at different thermal processing temperatures (p ≤ 0.01). The change of linoleic acid was more consistent with the first-order oxidation kinetics model. Two core aldehydes were detected in hazelnut oil, aldehyde 9-oxo and aldehyde 10- oxo-8. The core aldehyde 9-oxo content changed most obviously with the heating temperature, and it was the main non-volatile aldehydes of hazelnut oil thermal oxidation. Correlation analysis showed that the heating temperature of hazelnut oil had a significant effect on the oxidation index (p ≤ 0.01), and linoleic acid had the strongest correlation with the oxidation index, which could reflect the overall oxidation of hazelnut oil. The total amount of core aldehyde and the content of core aldehyde 9-oxo strongly correlated with the oxidation index (p ≤ 0.01), which can be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the oxidation degree of hazelnut oil. This study is of great significance for promoting the application of hazelnut oil in daily cooking and processing.
Topics: Hot Temperature; Corylus; Linoleic Acid; Aldehydes; Fatty Acids; Peroxides
PubMed: 36464284
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22131 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2015Linoleic acid (LA) is a bioactive fatty acid with diverse effects on human physiology and pathophysiology. LA is a major dietary fatty acid, and also one of the most... (Review)
Review
Linoleic acid (LA) is a bioactive fatty acid with diverse effects on human physiology and pathophysiology. LA is a major dietary fatty acid, and also one of the most abundant fatty acids in adipose tissue, where its concentration reflects dietary intake. Over the last half century in the United States, dietary LA intake has greatly increased as dietary fat sources have shifted toward polyunsaturated seed oils such as soybean oil. We have conducted a systematic literature review of studies reporting the concentration of LA in subcutaneous adipose tissue of US cohorts. Our results indicate that adipose tissue LA has increased by 136% over the last half century and that this increase is highly correlated with an increase in dietary LA intake over the same period of time.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Diet; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Subcutaneous Fat; United States
PubMed: 26567191
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009944 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2022To investigate the active ingredients of walnut ointment (WO) and its mechanism in repairing wounds.
PURPOSE
To investigate the active ingredients of walnut ointment (WO) and its mechanism in repairing wounds.
METHODS
The ingredients of WO were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effect of linoleic acid (LA) was tested by in vitro Alamar Blue (AB) reagent. Image J software, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were used to confirm the healing effect of LA in the porcine skin model. The animals were euthanized after the experiment by injection of pentobarbital sodium.
RESULTS
LA, 24% in WO, promotes keratinocytes and fibroblasts proliferation, which were 50.09% and 15.07% respectively higher than control (p < 0.05). The healing rate of the LA group (96.02% ± 2%, 98.58% ± 0.78%) was higher than the saline group (82.11% ± 3.37%, 88.72% ± 1.73%) at week 3 and week 4 (p < 0.05). The epidermal thickness of the LA was 0.16 ± 0.04 mm greater and the expression of the P63 and CK10 proteins was stronger in the LA group than the control (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
LA, which is the main components in WO can promote full-thickness burning wounds (FBWs) by stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Juglans; Ointments; Linoleic Acid; Wound Healing; Accidents
PubMed: 36449813
DOI: 10.1590/acb370902 -
Behavioural Brain Research Jan 2022Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an essential role in brain development. Emerging data have suggested a possible link between an imbalance in PUFAs and cognitive...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an essential role in brain development. Emerging data have suggested a possible link between an imbalance in PUFAs and cognitive behavioral deficits in offspring. A diet rich in high linoleic acid (HLA), typically from preconception to lactation, leads to an increase in the ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in the fetus. Arising research has suggested that a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids is a potential risk factor for inducing autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavioral deficits. However, the impact of a high n- diet during preconception, pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning on the brain development of adolescent offspring are yet to be determined. This study examined whether consumption of an HLA diet during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning induced social and cognitive impairments in female and male offspring rats that resemble autistic phenotypes in humans. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed with either HLA or low linoleic acid (LLA) control diet for 10 weeks before mating, then continued with the same diet throughout the pregnancy and lactation period. Female and male offspring at 5 weeks old were subjected to behavioral tests to assess social interaction behavior and depression-/anxiety-like behavior. Our result showed that chronic consumption of an HLA diet did not affect sociability and social recognition memory, but induced depression-like behavior in male but not in female offspring.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Lactation; Linoleic Acid; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Weaning
PubMed: 34418475
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113538 -
Virology Apr 2023Linoleic acid (LA) is recommended to improve pork quality. However, whether it affects the intestinal immune response in pigs is still unclear. Our ex vivo experiments...
Linoleic acid (LA) is recommended to improve pork quality. However, whether it affects the intestinal immune response in pigs is still unclear. Our ex vivo experiments demonstrated that LA stimulation resulted in increased frequencies of Tregs in PBMCs but not in Peyer's Patches (PPs). The results of RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA indicated that LA increased the TGF-β1 expression level in DCs isolated from PEDV infected pigs. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and flow cytometry results demonstrated that TGF-β1 was associated with higher frequencies of Tregs both in PBMCs and PPs. Additional investigations showed that TGF-β1 inhibited PEDV infection in vitro. Besides, knocking-out TGF-β1 in IPEC-J2 cells resulted in higher viral load. Taken together, our results demonstrated that LA stimulation resulted in enhanced production of TGF-β1 by DC, which resulted in higher frequencies of Tregs production and inhibition of PEDV infection.
Topics: Animals; Flow Cytometry; Intestines; Linoleic Acid; Swine; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 36934552
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.004